asjc-classification/test-dataset · Datasets at Hugging Face

Title stringlengths 0 905	Abstract stringlengths 0 11.3k	Container_Title stringlengths 0 126	Subject listlengths 1 13
THE REJECTION OF FINANCIAL VALUE LINKING IN ENGLAND			[ "Economics and Econometrics" ]
Roger W. Holmes. Two jobs for the logician? The philosophical review, vol. 46 (1937), pp. 535–538.		Journal of Symbolic Logic	[ "Logic", "Philosophy" ]
Machine learning for the prediction of L. chinensis carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents and understanding of mechanisms underlying grassland degradation			[ "Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law", "Waste Management and Disposal", "Environmental Engineering" ]
Antiplatelet function variability in clopidogrel-treated patients: need for new antiplatelet agents			[ "Pharmacology (medical)", "Pharmacology" ]
Commissie Ethiek en Moraaltheologie: impasse of uitdaging?			[ "Philosophy" ]
Regulation of dopamine-dependent transcription and cocaine action by Gadd45b	AbstractExposure to drugs of abuse produces robust transcriptional and epigenetic reorganization within brain reward circuits that outlives the direct effects of the drug and may contribute to addiction. DNA methylation is a covalent epigenetic modification that is altered following stimulant exposure and is critical for behavioral and physiological adaptations to drugs of abuse. Although activity-related loss of DNA methylation requires the Gadd45 (Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible) gene family, very little is known about how this family regulates activity within the nucleus accumbens or behavioral responses to drugs of abuse. Here, we combined genome-wide transcriptional profiling, pharmacological manipulations, electrophysiological measurements, and CRISPR tools with traditional knockout and behavioral approaches in rodent model systems to dissect the role of Gadd45b in dopamine-dependent epigenetic regulation and cocaine reward. We show that acute cocaine administration induces rapid upregulation of Gadd45b mRNA in the rat nucleus accumbens, and that knockout or site-specific CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockdown of Gadd45b blocks cocaine conditioned place preference. In vitro, dopamine treatment in primary striatal neurons increases Gadd45b mRNA expression through a dopamine receptor type 1 (DRD1)-dependent mechanism. Moreover, shRNA-induced Gadd45b knockdown decreases expression of genes involved in psychostimulant addiction, blocks induction of immediate early genes by DRD1 stimulation, and prevents DRD1-mediated changes in DNA methylation. Finally, we demonstrate that Gadd45b knockdown decreases striatal neuron action potential burst duration in vitro, without altering other electrophysiological characteristics. These results suggest that striatal Gadd45b functions as a dopamine-induced gene that is necessary for cocaine reward memory and DRD1-mediated transcriptional activity.		[ "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Pharmacology" ]
"Discrimination" under the National Labor Relations Act			[ "Law" ]
ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC EUTROPHICATION ON MARINE BIVALVE LIFE HISTORY IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO			[ "Paleontology", "Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics" ]
Milton's Idea of The Orator			[ "Literature and Literary Theory" ]
Patients with mental disorders need a fair depiction in the news media		The Lancet Psychiatry	[ "Biological Psychiatry", "Psychiatry and Mental Health" ]
Teil 3: Untersuchung von Adsorptionskomplexen zwischen Polyvinylalkohol und verschiedenen Zusatzkomponenten			[ "Condensed Matter Physics" ]
Evaluation of adsorption of surfactant at a moving interface of a single spherical drop		Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science	[ "Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes", "Mechanical Engineering", "Aerospace Engineering", "Nuclear Energy and Engineering" ]
Traditional Ballads among the Portuguese in California: Part I		Western Folklore	[ "Visual Arts and Performing Arts", "History", "Anthropology", "Cultural Studies" ]
Geocronología K-Ar y geoquímica del volcanismo plioceno superior-pleistoceno de los Andes del sur (39-42°S)			[ "Geology" ]
Titelbild: Stahlbau 4/2014			[ "Metals and Alloys", "Mechanical Engineering", "Mechanics of Materials", "Building and Construction", "Civil and Structural Engineering" ]
Identifying and Analyzing Dependencies in and among Complex Cyber Physical Systems	Contemporary Critical Infrastructures (CIs), such as the power grid, comprise cyber physical systems that are tightly coupled, to form a complex system of interconnected components with interacting dependencies. Modelling methodologies have been suggested as proper tools to provide better insight into the dependencies and behavioural characteristics of these complex systems. In order to facilitate the study of interconnections in and among critical infrastructures, and to provide a clear view of the interdependencies among their cyber and physical components, this paper proposes a novel method, based on a graphical model called Modified Dependency Structure Matrix (MDSM). The MDSM provides a compact perspective of both inter-dependency and intra-dependency between subsystems of one complex system or two distinct systems. Additionally, we propose four parameters that allow the quantitative assessment of the characteristics of dependencies, including multi-order dependencies in large scale CIs. We illustrate the workings of the proposed method by applying it to a micro-distribution network based on the G2ELAB 14-Bus model. The results provide valuable insight into the dependencies among the network components and substantiate the applicability of the proposed method for analyzing large scale cyber physical systems.	Sensors	[ "Electrical and Electronic Engineering", "Biochemistry", "Instrumentation", "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics", "Analytical Chemistry" ]
A simple exact series representation for relativistic perihelion advance			[ "Space and Planetary Science", "Astronomy and Astrophysics" ]
Le laconicum de Sainte-Marguerite. Enquête archéologique sur un couvrement à armature métallique du 1er siècle de notre ère			[ "Pharmacology (medical)" ]
Context-dependent effects of bluegill in experimental mesocosm communities			[ "Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics" ]
Racial, Ethnic, and Sociodemographic Disparities in Diagnosis of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder			[ "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Developmental and Educational Psychology", "Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health" ]
Charles du Bos and English Literature			[ "Literature and Literary Theory" ]
Proceedings of the Western Computer Conference. 231 S. m. zahlr. Abb. New York 1953. The Institute of Radio Engineers, Inc. Pr. geh. 3,50 $		ZAMM - Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik	[ "Applied Mathematics", "Computational Mechanics" ]
Responsible Animal Research: A Riff of Rs	The Three Rs, reduction, refinement and replacement, were introduced in 1959 by Russell & Burch in their important publication The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. These Three Rs are now collectively referred to as alternatives. Using the letter R, we have developed an expanded list of Rs not only to stimulate our own thinking, but to encourage others to examine the issue of alternatives in animal research.	Alternatives to Laboratory Animals	[ "Medical Laboratory Technology", "Toxicology" ]
A Radioimmunoassay for Murine Thyroglobulin in Serum: Age-Related Increase of Serum Thyroglobulin Levels in AKR/J Mice*			[ "Endocrinology" ]
A novelMYT1Lmutation in a patient with severe early‐onset obesity and intellectual disability			[ "Genetics (clinical)", "Genetics" ]
HEINRICH WILHELM SCHOTT (1794–1865)			[ "Plant Science", "Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics" ]
Far-infrared reflection spectra of PbSrSe thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy			[ "Surfaces, Coatings and Films", "Acoustics and Ultrasonics", "Condensed Matter Physics", "Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials" ]
Iron status influences the response of cord blood megakaryocyte progenitors to eltrombopag in vitro	Abstract Eltrombopag (ELT) is a thrombopoietic agent approved for immune thrombocytopenia and also a potent iron chelator. Here we found that ELT exhibited dose-dependent opposing effects on in vitro megakaryopoiesis: low concentrations (≤6 µM, ELT6) stimulated megakaryopoiesis, but high concentrations (30 µM, ELT30) suppressed megakaryocyte (MK) differentiation and proliferation. The suppressive effects of ELT30 were reproduced by other iron chelators, supporting iron chelation as a likely mechanism. During MK differentiation, committed MK progenitors (CD34+/CD41+ and CD34−/CD41+ cells) were significantly more sensitive than undifferentiated progenitors (CD34+/CD41− cells) to the suppressive effects of ELT30, which resulted from both decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis. The antiproliferative effects of ELT30 were reversed by increased iron in the culture, as were the proapoptotic effects when exposure to ELT30 was short. Because committed MK progenitors exhibited the highest proliferative rate and the highest sensitivity to iron chelation, we tested whether their iron status influenced their response to ELT during rapid cell expansion. In these studies, iron deficiency reduced the proliferation of CD41+ cells in response to all ELT concentrations. Severe iron deficiency also reduced the number of MKs generated in response to high thrombopoietin concentrations by ∼50%, compared with iron-replete cultures. Our findings support the hypothesis that although iron deficiency can stimulate certain cells and steps in megakaryopoiesis, it can also limit the proliferation of committed MK progenitors, with severity of iron deficiency and degree of thrombopoietic stimulation influencing the ultimate output. Further studies are needed to clarify how megakaryopoiesis, iron deficiency, and ELT stimulation are clinically interrelated.		[ "Hematology" ]
Hepatic Uptake of Tc-99m MDP on Bone Scintigraphy From Intravenous Iron Therapy (Blutal)			[ "Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging" ]
Delayed Clostridium perfringens growth from a spore inocula by sodium lactate in sous-vide chicken products			[ "Microbiology", "Food Science" ]
The Binding Properties of Terminal and Bridging Fluoride and of Aqua Ligands – a Semiempirical Vibronic Coupling and DFT Study of Mixed-Ligand Manganese(III) Complexes		Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie	[ "Inorganic Chemistry" ]
Two-dimensional twistor manifolds and Teukolsky operators		Letters in Mathematical Physics	[ "Mathematical Physics", "Statistical and Nonlinear Physics" ]
Participation of opiatergic, GABAergic, and serotonergic systems in the expression of copulatory analgesia in male rats			[ "Behavioral Neuroscience", "Biological Psychiatry", "Clinical Biochemistry", "Pharmacology", "Toxicology", "Biochemistry" ]
Vascular cognitive impairment		Nature Clinical Practice Neurology	[ "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience", "Neurology (clinical)" ]
A within-subject comparison of short implants in the posterior region: retrospective study of up to 10 years			[ "Dentistry (miscellaneous)", "Oral Surgery" ]
Femtosecond laser pulse scattering on spherical polydispersions: Monte-carlo simulation		Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics	[ "Atmospheric Science", "Earth-Surface Processes", "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics", "Oceanography" ]
School children with low birth weight inserted in system of Embu's education: construction of sentences	PURPOSE: To characterize the construction of sentences in schoolchildren born with low weight.METHODS: We selected 413 students from Embu das Artes (SP), Brazil. Application of Recreating Speech Acts of Test of Language Competence sub-test. We analyzed the number of words and the holistic score. Age group of 6-10 years old, female/male, with low birth weight (		[ "Speech and Hearing", "Otorhinolaryngology", "Language and Linguistics" ]
Transmittance and Reflectance Studies of Thermotropic Material for a Novel Building Integrated Concentrating Photovoltaic (BICPV) ‘Smart Window’ System		Energies	[ "Energy (miscellaneous)", "Energy Engineering and Power Technology", "Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment", "Electrical and Electronic Engineering", "Control and Optimization", "Engineering (miscellaneous)" ]
Effect of Cooling Speed on Superconductivity of κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br — Isotope Effect Revisited			[ "Materials Chemistry", "Metals and Alloys", "Mechanical Engineering", "Mechanics of Materials", "Condensed Matter Physics", "Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials" ]
First International Symposium of Myelodysplastic Syndromes Innsbruck, June 20?23, 1988			[ "Hematology" ]
RUDOLF STEPHAN SPRACH ÜBER DIE SCHÖNBERG-GESAMTAUSGABE		Österreichische Musikzeitschrift	[ "Music" ]
Surgery of Cranial Base Tumors. 1993. Edited by N. Sekhar Laligan and P. Janecka Ivo. Published by Raven Press. 870 pages. $270.00 Cdn.			[ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ]
What is dry? Exploring metabolism and molecular mobility at extremely low water contents	This article comments on:Candotto Carniel FC, Fernandez-Marín B, Arc E, Craighero T, Laza MJ, Incerti G, Tretiach M, Kranner I. 2021. How dry is dry? Molecular mobility in relation to thallus water content in a lichen. Journal of Experimental Botany 72, 1576–1588		[ "Plant Science", "Physiology" ]
Understanding and addressing psychological distress experienced by farmers, from the perspective of rural financial counsellors		Australian Journal of Rural Health	[ "Family Practice", "Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health" ]
531 ENDOSCOPIC FISTULA TRACT RESECTION AND SUTURED CLOSURE FOR THE TREATMENT OF GASTRIC FISTULA			[ "Gastroenterology", "Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging" ]
User Perceptions of Decision Support System Restrictiveness: An Experiment		Journal of Management Information Systems	[ "Information Systems and Management", "Management Science and Operations Research", "Computer Science Applications", "Management Information Systems" ]
Permanent Proplast temporomandibular joint implants: MR imaging of destructive complications		American Journal of Roentgenology	[ "Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging" ]
Introduction to Special Topic: Energy Pathways to a Low-Carbon Society			[ "Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment" ]
Nitriding of Lightweight High Manganese and Aluminum Steels		International Journal of Metalcasting	[ "Materials Chemistry", "Metals and Alloys", "Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering", "Mechanics of Materials" ]
The inhibition of DNA synthesis by calf-thymus polymerase by X-irradiation of the primer DNA			[ "Cell Biology", "Molecular Biology", "Biochemistry", "Biophysics" ]
The effects of tricentric chromium(III) propionate complex supplementation on pregnancy outcome and maternal and foetal mineral status in rat			[ "Toxicology", "Food Science" ]
Mitochondrial presequences.		Journal of Biological Chemistry	[ "Cell Biology", "Molecular Biology", "Biochemistry" ]
“The nature of diamonds and their use in earth's study”			[ "Geochemistry and Petrology", "Geology" ]
News Briefs			[ "Developmental and Educational Psychology", "Education" ]
A lake in Uzboi Vallis and implications for Late Noachian–Early Hesperian climate on Mars			[ "Space and Planetary Science", "Astronomy and Astrophysics" ]
A collection of codes of conduct issued by armed groups	ForewordThis issue of the International Review of the Red Cross addresses the importance of understanding armed groups and the norms by which they are bound. One way of gaining insight into armed groups and engaging with them on improving respect for the law is to examine the rules and decisions that they choose to adopt.In 2008, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) published a study on increasing the respect for international humanitarian law (IHL) in non-international armed conflicts.1 The study identified codes of conduct as one of the legal tools to improve compliance of armed groups with IHL.2 While they do not guarantee respect for the law, codes of conduct provide an important glimpse into the ideological and organizational structure of an armed group, its chain of command, and the rights and obligations that the hierarchy of the armed group chooses to bestow on its members. Furthermore, codes of conduct can provide a basis upon which legal representations can be made and accountability required regarding norms of IHL.3Several authors in this edition of the Review discuss the importance of codes of conducts for understanding and engaging with armed groups.4 The Review has thus decided to include a collection5 of codes of conduct, or relevant extracts thereof.6 All materials in this collection are publicly available.7 They originate from various geographic areas and time periods – from China in 1947 to Libya in 2011 – and provide an insight into different armed groups' views of and appreciation of humanitarian norms.8 The publication of these codes of conduct does not in any way imply endorsement by the Review of the content of these documents.		[ "Law", "Sociology and Political Science" ]
Reputed Brain Damage and 'Serious' Reactions From DTP Vaccines-Reply			[ "Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health" ]
A simple synthesis of 1-trimethylsilyl-2,3-dienes		Tetrahedron Letters	[ "Organic Chemistry", "Drug Discovery", "Biochemistry" ]
Kinetic study of the oxidation of ethyldiphenylphosphine by cis-dioxo-[N-(5-X-salicylidene)-2-aminoethanethiolato] molybdenum(VI)			[ "Materials Chemistry", "Inorganic Chemistry", "Physical and Theoretical Chemistry" ]
Reddenings of quasars VS PSA counts at high galactic latitudes			[ "Space and Planetary Science", "Astronomy and Astrophysics" ]
A Re-evaluation of Non-Darcian Forced and Mixed Convection in Cylindrical Packed Tubes			[ "Mechanical Engineering", "Mechanics of Materials", "Condensed Matter Physics" ]
Violence and the Sacred in Nineteenth-Century France			[ "History" ]
A Facile Synthesis of DimethylN-(2-Benzothiazolyl)-dithiocarbonimidates and MethylN-(2-Benzothiazolyl)-dithiocarbamates			[ "Organic Chemistry", "Catalysis" ]
Galectin-3: differential accumulation of distinct mRNAs in serum-stimulated mouse 3T3 fibroblasts		Glycoconjugate Journal	[ "Cell Biology", "Molecular Biology", "Biochemistry" ]
Globalization and Industrialization in 64 Developing Countries, 1980-2003			[ "Sociology and Political Science", "Anthropology", "History" ]
The interaction between oxygen and bismuth in dilute solution in copper at 1300 °C			[ "Materials Chemistry", "Metals and Alloys", "Mechanics of Materials", "Condensed Matter Physics" ]
Advanced manufacturing technology versus total quality of performance			[ "Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering", "Computer Science Applications", "Mechanical Engineering", "Software", "Control and Systems Engineering" ]
The User Participation Incentive Mechanism of Mobile Crowdsensing Network Based on User Threshold	Mobile crowdsensing (MCS) network means completing large-scale and complex sensing tasks in virtue of the mobile devices of ordinary users. Therefore, sufficient user participation plays a basic role in MCS. On the basis of studying and analyzing the strategy of user participation incentive mechanism, this paper proposes the user threshold-based cognition incentive strategy against the shortcomings of existing incentive strategies, such as task processing efficiency and budget control. The user threshold and the budget of processing subtasks are set at the very beginning. The platform selects the user set with the lowest threshold, and the best user for processing tasks according to users’ budget. The incentive cost of the corresponding users is calculated based on the user threshold at last. In conclusion, through the experiment validation and comparison with the existing user participation incentive mechanism, it was found that the user threshold-based incentive strategy is advantageous in improving the proportion of task completion and reducing the platform’s budget cost.	Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society	[ "Modeling and Simulation" ]
Rainfall, agriculture, livestock and human density in the dry regions of Kenya		Journal of Arid Environments	[ "Earth-Surface Processes", "Ecology", "Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics" ]
Stability of the mammalian sperm nucleus	The nuclei of spermatozoa leaving the testies are transcritionally inactivated and are structurally stabilised by extensive association of sperm DNA with protamines, highly basic proteins that replace somatic histones during spermiogenesis. During sperm matureation within teh epididymis, protamine–SH is oxidised to -SS-(Bedford & Calvin, 1974).		[ "Cell Biology", "Developmental Biology" ]
Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics may lead to personalised nutrition		European Journal of Integrative Medicine	[ "Complementary and Alternative Medicine" ]
P=Si- and As=Si-Bonds as Building Blocks for Unusual Phosphorus and Arsenic- Silicon- Heterocycles			[ "Inorganic Chemistry", "Organic Chemistry", "Biochemistry" ]
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Short-Term Versus Long-Term Prophylactic Intravesical Instillation Chemotherapy for Recurrence After Transurethral Resection of Ta/T1 Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder			[ "Urology" ]
Recycling Irrigation Runoff on Container Ornamentals	Abstract Public Law 84-660 was approved by the U.S. Congress in 1956 (1) and amended as Public Law 92-500 by the Congress in 1972 (2). These laws are the Water Pollution Control Acts that set the standards for clean water. These laws prescribe point-discharge requirements of the federal government, the states, and Regional Water Quality Control Boards to prevent pollution and to maintain the integrity of receiving waters. In addition the state of California has the Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act (3).		[ "Horticulture" ]
The influence of acid base equilibrium on the activities of blood vessels		The Journal of Physiology	[ "Physiology" ]
NEW YORK NEUROLOGICAL SOCIETY		Archives of Neurology And Psychiatry	[ "Neurology (clinical)", "Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)" ]
Two New Species and a New Combination of the Subfamily Erythraeinae Based on Larval Stage (Acari: Trombidiformes: Erythraeidae) from China	The species Eatoniana yangshuonicus (Haitlinger) comb. nov. is transferred from the genus Erythraeus to Eatoniana based on the basifemoral setal formula 2-2-1. Two new species, Eatoniana nanlingensis Xu and Jin sp. nov. and Erythraeus (Erythraeus) kunyuensis Xu and Jin sp. nov. are described and illustrated based on larvae. Eatoniana nanlingensis sp. nov. from the Oriental region (Guangdong Province), Er. (Er.) kunyuensis sp. nov. from the Palaearctic region (Shandong Province). An updated key to larval species of the genus Eatoniana of the world is presented.	Insects	[ "Insect Science" ]
Granisetron reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting throughout menstrual cycle		Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia	[ "Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine" ]
Evaluation of chlorhexidine sensitization amongst healthcare workers	Abstract Background Chlorhexidine is an antiseptic widely used in healthcare settings. There are increasing reports of significant hypersensitivity reactions associated with its use. Development of chlorhexidine allergy has been identified as an important occupational risk to healthcare workers (HCWs). Aims To evaluate the prevalence of sensitization to chlorhexidine amongst HCWs at a large tertiary hospital to assess the potential allergic safety risks associated with chlorhexidine exposure to staff. Methods Sensitization to chlorhexidine was evaluated by measurement of serum-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) in samples collected from staff assessed after a sharps-injury incident and laboratory staff collected for quality assurance procedures. This test method has been shown to have high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of chlorhexidine allergy. Prevalence of sensitization was additionally evaluated with reference to changes in exposure to chlorhexidine-based hand hygiene products because of infection control procedures and the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Results A total of 320 samples were examined. The prevalence of positive chlorhexidine-specific IgE was 2%. Prevalence of sensitization in samples collected before and after increased chlorhexidine exposure was 1% and 3%. This did not represent a statistically significant difference. Conclusions The prevalence figures for chlorhexidine sensitization in this study are higher than have been estimated previously for similar HCW cohorts. Increased exposure to chlorhexidine-based hand hygiene products was not demonstrated to increase sensitization in this group. Given the risk of severe reactions in sensitized individuals, this study indicates that evaluation of chlorhexidine allergy is important when investigating occupational allergy in HCWs.		[ "Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health" ]
Liquid Chromatography−Tandem Mass Spectrometry of Some Anabolic Steroids			[ "Analytical Chemistry" ]
Analytical Currents: Icy resolution		Analytical Chemistry	[ "Analytical Chemistry" ]
Alarmed by Census Results, Indira Gandhi Wants To Revitalize India's Family Planning Program			[ "Geography, Planning and Development", "Demography" ]
Influence of geographical latitude on vitamin D status: cross-sectional results from the BiomarCaRE consortium	AbstractEven though sunlight is viewed as the most important determinant of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status, several European studies have observed higher 25(OH)D concentrations among north-Europeans than south-Europeans. We studied the association between geographical latitude (derived from ecological data) and 25(OH)D status in six European countries using harmonised immunoassay data from 81 084 participants in the Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Europe (BiomarCaRE) project (male sex 48·9 %; median age 50·8 years; examination period 1984–2014). Quantile regression models, adjusted for age, sex, decade and calendar week of sampling and time from sampling to analysis, were used for between-country comparisons. Up until the median percentile, the ordering of countries by 25(OH)D status (from highest to lowest) was as follows: Sweden (at 65·6–63·8°N), Germany (at 48·4°N), Finland (at 65·0–60·2°N), Italy (at 45·6–41·5°N), Scotland (at 58·2–55·1°N) and Spain (at 41·5°N). From the 75th percentile and upwards, Finland had higher values than Germany. As an example, using the Swedish cohort as a comparator, the median 25(OH)D concentration was 3·03, 3·28, 5·41, 6·54 and 9·28 ng/ml lower in the German, Finnish, Italian, Scottish and Spanish cohort, respectively (P-value		[ "Nutrition and Dietetics", "Medicine (miscellaneous)" ]
New Species of Creagrutus (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae) from the Rio Uaupés Basin, Brazil			[ "Animal Science and Zoology", "Aquatic Science", "Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics" ]
A Study of the Optimal Answer Sheet Identification Grid Design		AEDS Journal	[ "Computer Science Applications", "Education" ]
Cucurbitacin E exhibits anti-inflammatory effect in RAW 264.7 cells via suppression of NF-κB nuclear translocation		Inflammation Research	[ "Pharmacology", "Immunology" ]
Rediscoveries: Some Neglected Modern European Political Thinkers. John A. Hall			[ "Philosophy" ]
Doğrusalolmayan regresyon analizi ve biyoistatistikte kullanımı			[ "Animal Science and Zoology" ]
Acidentes entre motocicletas: análise dos casos ocorridos no estado do Paraná entre julho de 2010 e junho de 2011	Acidentes que ocorrem entre duas motocicletas têm sido esquecidos na imensidão dos acidentes de trânsito no Brasil, carecendo de serem melhor analisados. Este estudo buscou analisar epidemiologicamente os acidentes que ocorrem entre duas motocicletas, comparando com os outros tipos, a partir de dados do estado do Paraná. Foram capturadas informações do sítio eletrônico da Corporação de Bombeiros relativas ao período de um ano (julho/2010 a junho/2011), sobre o número e tipo de acidente, dia da semana, período do dia, número de vítimas, gênero, idade e gravidade das lesões. Ocorrências moto x moto representaram 3,4% do total de acidentes de trânsito registrados e 6,2% dos acidentes envolvendo motocicleta; as vítimas deste tipo de acidente corresponderam, respectivamente, a 4,4% do total de vitimados e a 8,5% daquelas em acidentes com motocicleta. Acidentes ocorridos aos sábado, sexo masculino e idade entre 20 a 29 anos foram mais frequentes neste tipo de eventos. Dentre as dez cidades mais populosas do estado, algumas se destacaram pelo alto índice destes acidentes, que parece guardar relação com o índice de motorização de motos das localidades. Assim, torna-se fundamental a constante avaliação destes índices e a implantação de medidas que visem proporcionar um trânsito mais seguro.		[ "Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health", "Health Policy" ]
Structural Characterization of Iron-Bleomycin by Resonance Raman Spectroscopy			[ "Colloid and Surface Chemistry", "Biochemistry", "Catalysis" ]
Losartan Affects Glomerular AKT and mTOR Phosphorylation in an Experimental Model of Type 1 Diabetic Nephropathy	The AKT-mTOR pathway is activated in diabetic nephropathy. Renin-angiotensin system modulators exert beneficial effects on the diabetic kidney. We explored the action of losartan on AKT-mTOR phosphorylation in glomeruli and podocytes. Diabetes mellitus was induced to Sprague-Dawley rats by streptozotocin. Five months later, the rats were commenced on losartan and euthanized 2 months later. Kidneys were processed for immunofluorescence studies. Glomeruli were isolated for Western blot analysis. Diabetes increased activated forms of AKT and mTOR both in glomeruli and podocytes. In diabetic rats, losartan decreased phosphorylated/activated forms of AKT (Thr308) and mTOR (Ser2448) in glomeruli but decreased only activated mTOR in podocytes. However, in both glomeruli and podocytes of healthy animals, an inverse pattern was evident. In conclusion, a new body of evidence indicates the differential activation of AKT-mTOR in glomeruli and podocytes of healthy and diabetic animals in response to losartan.		[ "Histology", "Anatomy" ]
Induction of porphyria in the rat by chronic versus acute exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin		Biochemical Pharmacology	[ "Pharmacology", "Biochemistry" ]
The New BCS President			[ "Earth-Surface Processes" ]
The iron and oxygen content of LMC Classical Cepheids and its implications for the extragalactic distance scale and Hubble constant	Context. Classical Cepheids are primary distance indicators and a crucial stepping stone in determining the present-day value of the Hubble constant H0 to the precision and accuracy required to constrain apparent deviations from the ΛCDM Concordance Cosmological Model. Aims. We measured the iron and oxygen abundances of a statistically significant sample of 89 Cepheids in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), one of the anchors of the local distance scale, quadrupling the prior sample and including 68 of the 70 Cepheids used to constrain H0 by the SH0ES program. The goal is to constrain the extent to which the luminosity of Cepheids is influenced by their chemical composition, which is an important contributor to the uncertainty on the determination of the Hubble constant itself and a critical factor in the internal consistency of the distance ladder. Methods. We derived stellar parameters and chemical abundances from a self-consistent spectroscopic analysis based on equivalent width of absorption lines. Results. The iron distribution of Cepheids in the LMC can be very accurately described by a single Gaussian with a mean [Fe/H] = −0.409 ± 0.003 dex and σ = 0.076 ± 0.003 dex. We estimate a systematic uncertainty on the absolute mean values of 0.1 dex. The width of the distribution is fully compatible with the measurement error and supports the low dispersion of 0.069 mag seen in the near-infrared Hubble Space Telescope LMC period–luminosity relation. The uniformity of the abundance has the important consequence that the LMC Cepheids alone cannot provide any meaningful constraint on the dependence of the Cepheid period–luminosity relation on chemical composition at any wavelength. This revises a prior claim based on a small sample of 22 LMC Cepheids that there was little dependence (or uncertainty) between composition and near-infrared luminosity, a conclusion which would produce an apparent conflict between anchors of the distance ladder with different mean abundance. The chemical homogeneity of the LMC Cepheid population makes it an ideal environment in which to calibrate the metallicity dependence between the more metal-poor Small Magellanic Cloud and metal-rich Milky Way and NGC 4258.		[ "Space and Planetary Science", "Astronomy and Astrophysics" ]
International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Halobacteriaceae		International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology	[ "Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics", "Microbiology" ]
Building-integrated trigeneration system: Energy, environmental and economic dynamic performance assessment for Italian residential applications			[ "Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment" ]
Effect of cobalt doping in Nd1-xSrxMn1-yCoyO3			[ "Computer Science Applications", "History", "Education" ]
Modeling the Propagation of Diffusive-Viscous Waves Using Flux-Corrected Transport–Finite-Difference Method			[ "Atmospheric Science", "Computers in Earth Sciences" ]
Osteoprotegerin Overexpression by Breast Cancer Cells Enhances Orthotopic and Osseous Tumor Growth and Contrasts with That Delivered Therapeutically	Abstract Osteoprotegerin (OPG) acts as a decoy receptor for receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), which is a pivotal molecule required for osteoclast formation. In vitro OPG inhibits osteoclast formation and in vivo (administered as Fc-OPG) it reduces hypercalcemia and the establishment of osteolytic lesions in mouse models of tumor cell growth in bone. Osteolysis can be induced by parathyroid hormone–related protein (PTHrP) produced by breast cancer cells that results in an increased osteoblastic RANKL/OPG ratio. We examined the effect of local tumor production of OPG on the ability of breast cancer cells to establish and grow in bone and mammary fat pad. MCF-7 cells or MCF-7 cells overexpressing PTHrP were transfected with full-length OPG and inoculated into the proximal tibiae of athymic nude mice. Mice injected with cells overexpressing PTHrP and OPG showed enhanced tumor growth, increased osteolysis (2-fold compared with MCF-7 cells overexpressing PTHrP), and altered histology that was reflective of a less differentiated (more aggressive) phenotype compared with MCF-7 cells. In contrast, administration of recombinant Fc-OPG reduced tumor growth and limited osteolysis even in mice inoculated with OPG overexpressing cells. Similarly, OPG overexpression by breast cancer cells enhanced tumor growth following orthotopic inoculation. These results indicate that OPG overexpression by breast cancer cells increases tumor growth in vivo and that there are strikingly different responses between therapeutically administered Fc-OPG and full-length OPG produced by tumor cells. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(7): 3620-8)		[ "Cancer Research", "Oncology" ]
Preparation of poly(alkylvinylether)s for nonlinear optical applications		Polymer Bulletin	[ "Materials Chemistry", "Polymers and Plastics", "Condensed Matter Physics" ]

THE REJECTION OF FINANCIAL VALUE LINKING IN ENGLAND

[ "Economics and Econometrics" ]

Roger W. Holmes. Two jobs for the logician? The philosophical review, vol. 46 (1937), pp. 535–538.

Journal of Symbolic Logic

[ "Logic", "Philosophy" ]

Machine learning for the prediction of L. chinensis carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents and understanding of mechanisms underlying grassland degradation

[ "Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law", "Waste Management and Disposal", "Environmental Engineering" ]

Antiplatelet function variability in clopidogrel-treated patients: need for new antiplatelet agents

[ "Pharmacology (medical)", "Pharmacology" ]

Commissie Ethiek en Moraaltheologie: impasse of uitdaging?

[ "Philosophy" ]

Regulation of dopamine-dependent transcription and cocaine action by Gadd45b

AbstractExposure to drugs of abuse produces robust transcriptional and epigenetic reorganization within brain reward circuits that outlives the direct effects of the drug and may contribute to addiction. DNA methylation is a covalent epigenetic modification that is altered following stimulant exposure and is critical for behavioral and physiological adaptations to drugs of abuse. Although activity-related loss of DNA methylation requires the Gadd45 (Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible) gene family, very little is known about how this family regulates activity within the nucleus accumbens or behavioral responses to drugs of abuse. Here, we combined genome-wide transcriptional profiling, pharmacological manipulations, electrophysiological measurements, and CRISPR tools with traditional knockout and behavioral approaches in rodent model systems to dissect the role of Gadd45b in dopamine-dependent epigenetic regulation and cocaine reward. We show that acute cocaine administration induces rapid upregulation of Gadd45b mRNA in the rat nucleus accumbens, and that knockout or site-specific CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockdown of Gadd45b blocks cocaine conditioned place preference. In vitro, dopamine treatment in primary striatal neurons increases Gadd45b mRNA expression through a dopamine receptor type 1 (DRD1)-dependent mechanism. Moreover, shRNA-induced Gadd45b knockdown decreases expression of genes involved in psychostimulant addiction, blocks induction of immediate early genes by DRD1 stimulation, and prevents DRD1-mediated changes in DNA methylation. Finally, we demonstrate that Gadd45b knockdown decreases striatal neuron action potential burst duration in vitro, without altering other electrophysiological characteristics. These results suggest that striatal Gadd45b functions as a dopamine-induced gene that is necessary for cocaine reward memory and DRD1-mediated transcriptional activity.

[ "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Pharmacology" ]

"Discrimination" under the National Labor Relations Act

[ "Law" ]

ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC EUTROPHICATION ON MARINE BIVALVE LIFE HISTORY IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO

[ "Paleontology", "Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics" ]

Milton's Idea of The Orator

[ "Literature and Literary Theory" ]

Patients with mental disorders need a fair depiction in the news media

The Lancet Psychiatry

[ "Biological Psychiatry", "Psychiatry and Mental Health" ]

Teil 3: Untersuchung von Adsorptionskomplexen zwischen Polyvinylalkohol und verschiedenen Zusatzkomponenten

[ "Condensed Matter Physics" ]

Evaluation of adsorption of surfactant at a moving interface of a single spherical drop

Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science

[ "Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes", "Mechanical Engineering", "Aerospace Engineering", "Nuclear Energy and Engineering" ]

Traditional Ballads among the Portuguese in California: Part I

Western Folklore

[ "Visual Arts and Performing Arts", "History", "Anthropology", "Cultural Studies" ]

Geocronología K-Ar y geoquímica del volcanismo plioceno superior-pleistoceno de los Andes del sur (39-42°S)

[ "Geology" ]

Titelbild: Stahlbau 4/2014

[ "Metals and Alloys", "Mechanical Engineering", "Mechanics of Materials", "Building and Construction", "Civil and Structural Engineering" ]

Identifying and Analyzing Dependencies in and among Complex Cyber Physical Systems

Contemporary Critical Infrastructures (CIs), such as the power grid, comprise cyber physical systems that are tightly coupled, to form a complex system of interconnected components with interacting dependencies. Modelling methodologies have been suggested as proper tools to provide better insight into the dependencies and behavioural characteristics of these complex systems. In order to facilitate the study of interconnections in and among critical infrastructures, and to provide a clear view of the interdependencies among their cyber and physical components, this paper proposes a novel method, based on a graphical model called Modified Dependency Structure Matrix (MDSM). The MDSM provides a compact perspective of both inter-dependency and intra-dependency between subsystems of one complex system or two distinct systems. Additionally, we propose four parameters that allow the quantitative assessment of the characteristics of dependencies, including multi-order dependencies in large scale CIs. We illustrate the workings of the proposed method by applying it to a micro-distribution network based on the G2ELAB 14-Bus model. The results provide valuable insight into the dependencies among the network components and substantiate the applicability of the proposed method for analyzing large scale cyber physical systems.

Sensors

[ "Electrical and Electronic Engineering", "Biochemistry", "Instrumentation", "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics", "Analytical Chemistry" ]

A simple exact series representation for relativistic perihelion advance

[ "Space and Planetary Science", "Astronomy and Astrophysics" ]

Le laconicum de Sainte-Marguerite. Enquête archéologique sur un couvrement à armature métallique du 1er siècle de notre ère

[ "Pharmacology (medical)" ]

Context-dependent effects of bluegill in experimental mesocosm communities

[ "Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics" ]

Racial, Ethnic, and Sociodemographic Disparities in Diagnosis of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

[ "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Developmental and Educational Psychology", "Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health" ]

Charles du Bos and English Literature

[ "Literature and Literary Theory" ]

Proceedings of the Western Computer Conference. 231 S. m. zahlr. Abb. New York 1953. The Institute of Radio Engineers, Inc. Pr. geh. 3,50 $

ZAMM - Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik

[ "Applied Mathematics", "Computational Mechanics" ]

Responsible Animal Research: A Riff of Rs

The Three Rs, reduction, refinement and replacement, were introduced in 1959 by Russell & Burch in their important publication The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. These Three Rs are now collectively referred to as alternatives. Using the letter R, we have developed an expanded list of Rs not only to stimulate our own thinking, but to encourage others to examine the issue of alternatives in animal research.

Alternatives to Laboratory Animals

[ "Medical Laboratory Technology", "Toxicology" ]

A Radioimmunoassay for Murine Thyroglobulin in Serum: Age-Related Increase of Serum Thyroglobulin Levels in AKR/J Mice*

[ "Endocrinology" ]

A novelMYT1Lmutation in a patient with severe early‐onset obesity and intellectual disability

[ "Genetics (clinical)", "Genetics" ]

HEINRICH WILHELM SCHOTT (1794–1865)

[ "Plant Science", "Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics" ]

Far-infrared reflection spectra of PbSrSe thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy

[ "Surfaces, Coatings and Films", "Acoustics and Ultrasonics", "Condensed Matter Physics", "Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials" ]

Iron status influences the response of cord blood megakaryocyte progenitors to eltrombopag in vitro

Abstract Eltrombopag (ELT) is a thrombopoietic agent approved for immune thrombocytopenia and also a potent iron chelator. Here we found that ELT exhibited dose-dependent opposing effects on in vitro megakaryopoiesis: low concentrations (≤6 µM, ELT6) stimulated megakaryopoiesis, but high concentrations (30 µM, ELT30) suppressed megakaryocyte (MK) differentiation and proliferation. The suppressive effects of ELT30 were reproduced by other iron chelators, supporting iron chelation as a likely mechanism. During MK differentiation, committed MK progenitors (CD34+/CD41+ and CD34−/CD41+ cells) were significantly more sensitive than undifferentiated progenitors (CD34+/CD41− cells) to the suppressive effects of ELT30, which resulted from both decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis. The antiproliferative effects of ELT30 were reversed by increased iron in the culture, as were the proapoptotic effects when exposure to ELT30 was short. Because committed MK progenitors exhibited the highest proliferative rate and the highest sensitivity to iron chelation, we tested whether their iron status influenced their response to ELT during rapid cell expansion. In these studies, iron deficiency reduced the proliferation of CD41+ cells in response to all ELT concentrations. Severe iron deficiency also reduced the number of MKs generated in response to high thrombopoietin concentrations by ∼50%, compared with iron-replete cultures. Our findings support the hypothesis that although iron deficiency can stimulate certain cells and steps in megakaryopoiesis, it can also limit the proliferation of committed MK progenitors, with severity of iron deficiency and degree of thrombopoietic stimulation influencing the ultimate output. Further studies are needed to clarify how megakaryopoiesis, iron deficiency, and ELT stimulation are clinically interrelated.

[ "Hematology" ]

Hepatic Uptake of Tc-99m MDP on Bone Scintigraphy From Intravenous Iron Therapy (Blutal)

[ "Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging" ]

Delayed Clostridium perfringens growth from a spore inocula by sodium lactate in sous-vide chicken products

[ "Microbiology", "Food Science" ]

The Binding Properties of Terminal and Bridging Fluoride and of Aqua Ligands – a Semiempirical Vibronic Coupling and DFT Study of Mixed-Ligand Manganese(III) Complexes

Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie

[ "Inorganic Chemistry" ]

Two-dimensional twistor manifolds and Teukolsky operators

Letters in Mathematical Physics

[ "Mathematical Physics", "Statistical and Nonlinear Physics" ]

Participation of opiatergic, GABAergic, and serotonergic systems in the expression of copulatory analgesia in male rats

[ "Behavioral Neuroscience", "Biological Psychiatry", "Clinical Biochemistry", "Pharmacology", "Toxicology", "Biochemistry" ]

Vascular cognitive impairment

Nature Clinical Practice Neurology

[ "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience", "Neurology (clinical)" ]

A within-subject comparison of short implants in the posterior region: retrospective study of up to 10 years

[ "Dentistry (miscellaneous)", "Oral Surgery" ]

Femtosecond laser pulse scattering on spherical polydispersions: Monte-carlo simulation

Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics

[ "Atmospheric Science", "Earth-Surface Processes", "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics", "Oceanography" ]

School children with low birth weight inserted in system of Embu's education: construction of sentences

PURPOSE: To characterize the construction of sentences in schoolchildren born with low weight.METHODS: We selected 413 students from Embu das Artes (SP), Brazil. Application of Recreating Speech Acts of Test of Language Competence sub-test. We analyzed the number of words and the holistic score. Age group of 6-10 years old, female/male, with low birth weight (

[ "Speech and Hearing", "Otorhinolaryngology", "Language and Linguistics" ]

Transmittance and Reflectance Studies of Thermotropic Material for a Novel Building Integrated Concentrating Photovoltaic (BICPV) ‘Smart Window’ System

Energies

[ "Energy (miscellaneous)", "Energy Engineering and Power Technology", "Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment", "Electrical and Electronic Engineering", "Control and Optimization", "Engineering (miscellaneous)" ]

Effect of Cooling Speed on Superconductivity of κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br — Isotope Effect Revisited

[ "Materials Chemistry", "Metals and Alloys", "Mechanical Engineering", "Mechanics of Materials", "Condensed Matter Physics", "Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials" ]

First International Symposium of Myelodysplastic Syndromes Innsbruck, June 20?23, 1988

[ "Hematology" ]

RUDOLF STEPHAN SPRACH ÜBER DIE SCHÖNBERG-GESAMTAUSGABE

Österreichische Musikzeitschrift

[ "Music" ]

Surgery of Cranial Base Tumors. 1993. Edited by N. Sekhar Laligan and P. Janecka Ivo. Published by Raven Press. 870 pages. $270.00 Cdn.

[ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ]

What is dry? Exploring metabolism and molecular mobility at extremely low water contents

This article comments on:Candotto Carniel FC, Fernandez-Marín B, Arc E, Craighero T, Laza MJ, Incerti G, Tretiach M, Kranner I. 2021. How dry is dry? Molecular mobility in relation to thallus water content in a lichen. Journal of Experimental Botany 72, 1576–1588

[ "Plant Science", "Physiology" ]

Understanding and addressing psychological distress experienced by farmers, from the perspective of rural financial counsellors

Australian Journal of Rural Health

[ "Family Practice", "Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health" ]

531 ENDOSCOPIC FISTULA TRACT RESECTION AND SUTURED CLOSURE FOR THE TREATMENT OF GASTRIC FISTULA

[ "Gastroenterology", "Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging" ]

User Perceptions of Decision Support System Restrictiveness: An Experiment

Journal of Management Information Systems

[ "Information Systems and Management", "Management Science and Operations Research", "Computer Science Applications", "Management Information Systems" ]

Permanent Proplast temporomandibular joint implants: MR imaging of destructive complications

American Journal of Roentgenology

[ "Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging" ]

Introduction to Special Topic: Energy Pathways to a Low-Carbon Society

[ "Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment" ]

Nitriding of Lightweight High Manganese and Aluminum Steels

International Journal of Metalcasting

[ "Materials Chemistry", "Metals and Alloys", "Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering", "Mechanics of Materials" ]

The inhibition of DNA synthesis by calf-thymus polymerase by X-irradiation of the primer DNA

[ "Cell Biology", "Molecular Biology", "Biochemistry", "Biophysics" ]

The effects of tricentric chromium(III) propionate complex supplementation on pregnancy outcome and maternal and foetal mineral status in rat

[ "Toxicology", "Food Science" ]

Mitochondrial presequences.

Journal of Biological Chemistry

[ "Cell Biology", "Molecular Biology", "Biochemistry" ]

“The nature of diamonds and their use in earth's study”

[ "Geochemistry and Petrology", "Geology" ]

News Briefs

[ "Developmental and Educational Psychology", "Education" ]

A lake in Uzboi Vallis and implications for Late Noachian–Early Hesperian climate on Mars

[ "Space and Planetary Science", "Astronomy and Astrophysics" ]

A collection of codes of conduct issued by armed groups

ForewordThis issue of the International Review of the Red Cross addresses the importance of understanding armed groups and the norms by which they are bound. One way of gaining insight into armed groups and engaging with them on improving respect for the law is to examine the rules and decisions that they choose to adopt.In 2008, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) published a study on increasing the respect for international humanitarian law (IHL) in non-international armed conflicts.1 The study identified codes of conduct as one of the legal tools to improve compliance of armed groups with IHL.2 While they do not guarantee respect for the law, codes of conduct provide an important glimpse into the ideological and organizational structure of an armed group, its chain of command, and the rights and obligations that the hierarchy of the armed group chooses to bestow on its members. Furthermore, codes of conduct can provide a basis upon which legal representations can be made and accountability required regarding norms of IHL.3Several authors in this edition of the Review discuss the importance of codes of conducts for understanding and engaging with armed groups.4 The Review has thus decided to include a collection5 of codes of conduct, or relevant extracts thereof.6 All materials in this collection are publicly available.7 They originate from various geographic areas and time periods – from China in 1947 to Libya in 2011 – and provide an insight into different armed groups' views of and appreciation of humanitarian norms.8 The publication of these codes of conduct does not in any way imply endorsement by the Review of the content of these documents.

[ "Law", "Sociology and Political Science" ]

Reputed Brain Damage and 'Serious' Reactions From DTP Vaccines-Reply

[ "Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health" ]

A simple synthesis of 1-trimethylsilyl-2,3-dienes

Tetrahedron Letters

[ "Organic Chemistry", "Drug Discovery", "Biochemistry" ]

Kinetic study of the oxidation of ethyldiphenylphosphine by cis-dioxo-[N-(5-X-salicylidene)-2-aminoethanethiolato] molybdenum(VI)

[ "Materials Chemistry", "Inorganic Chemistry", "Physical and Theoretical Chemistry" ]

Reddenings of quasars VS PSA counts at high galactic latitudes

[ "Space and Planetary Science", "Astronomy and Astrophysics" ]

A Re-evaluation of Non-Darcian Forced and Mixed Convection in Cylindrical Packed Tubes

[ "Mechanical Engineering", "Mechanics of Materials", "Condensed Matter Physics" ]

Violence and the Sacred in Nineteenth-Century France

[ "History" ]

A Facile Synthesis of DimethylN-(2-Benzothiazolyl)-dithiocarbonimidates and MethylN-(2-Benzothiazolyl)-dithiocarbamates

[ "Organic Chemistry", "Catalysis" ]

Galectin-3: differential accumulation of distinct mRNAs in serum-stimulated mouse 3T3 fibroblasts

Glycoconjugate Journal

[ "Cell Biology", "Molecular Biology", "Biochemistry" ]

Globalization and Industrialization in 64 Developing Countries, 1980-2003

[ "Sociology and Political Science", "Anthropology", "History" ]

The interaction between oxygen and bismuth in dilute solution in copper at 1300 °C

[ "Materials Chemistry", "Metals and Alloys", "Mechanics of Materials", "Condensed Matter Physics" ]

Advanced manufacturing technology versus total quality of performance

[ "Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering", "Computer Science Applications", "Mechanical Engineering", "Software", "Control and Systems Engineering" ]

The User Participation Incentive Mechanism of Mobile Crowdsensing Network Based on User Threshold

Mobile crowdsensing (MCS) network means completing large-scale and complex sensing tasks in virtue of the mobile devices of ordinary users. Therefore, sufficient user participation plays a basic role in MCS. On the basis of studying and analyzing the strategy of user participation incentive mechanism, this paper proposes the user threshold-based cognition incentive strategy against the shortcomings of existing incentive strategies, such as task processing efficiency and budget control. The user threshold and the budget of processing subtasks are set at the very beginning. The platform selects the user set with the lowest threshold, and the best user for processing tasks according to users’ budget. The incentive cost of the corresponding users is calculated based on the user threshold at last. In conclusion, through the experiment validation and comparison with the existing user participation incentive mechanism, it was found that the user threshold-based incentive strategy is advantageous in improving the proportion of task completion and reducing the platform’s budget cost.

Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society

[ "Modeling and Simulation" ]

Rainfall, agriculture, livestock and human density in the dry regions of Kenya

Journal of Arid Environments

[ "Earth-Surface Processes", "Ecology", "Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics" ]

Stability of the mammalian sperm nucleus

The nuclei of spermatozoa leaving the testies are transcritionally inactivated and are structurally stabilised by extensive association of sperm DNA with protamines, highly basic proteins that replace somatic histones during spermiogenesis. During sperm matureation within teh epididymis, protamine–SH is oxidised to -SS-(Bedford & Calvin, 1974).

[ "Cell Biology", "Developmental Biology" ]

Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics may lead to personalised nutrition

European Journal of Integrative Medicine

[ "Complementary and Alternative Medicine" ]

P=Si- and As=Si-Bonds as Building Blocks for Unusual Phosphorus and Arsenic- Silicon- Heterocycles

[ "Inorganic Chemistry", "Organic Chemistry", "Biochemistry" ]

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Short-Term Versus Long-Term Prophylactic Intravesical Instillation Chemotherapy for Recurrence After Transurethral Resection of Ta/T1 Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder

[ "Urology" ]

Recycling Irrigation Runoff on Container Ornamentals

Abstract Public Law 84-660 was approved by the U.S. Congress in 1956 (1) and amended as Public Law 92-500 by the Congress in 1972 (2). These laws are the Water Pollution Control Acts that set the standards for clean water. These laws prescribe point-discharge requirements of the federal government, the states, and Regional Water Quality Control Boards to prevent pollution and to maintain the integrity of receiving waters. In addition the state of California has the Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act (3).

[ "Horticulture" ]

The influence of acid base equilibrium on the activities of blood vessels

The Journal of Physiology

[ "Physiology" ]

NEW YORK NEUROLOGICAL SOCIETY

Archives of Neurology And Psychiatry

[ "Neurology (clinical)", "Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)" ]

Two New Species and a New Combination of the Subfamily Erythraeinae Based on Larval Stage (Acari: Trombidiformes: Erythraeidae) from China

The species Eatoniana yangshuonicus (Haitlinger) comb. nov. is transferred from the genus Erythraeus to Eatoniana based on the basifemoral setal formula 2-2-1. Two new species, Eatoniana nanlingensis Xu and Jin sp. nov. and Erythraeus (Erythraeus) kunyuensis Xu and Jin sp. nov. are described and illustrated based on larvae. Eatoniana nanlingensis sp. nov. from the Oriental region (Guangdong Province), Er. (Er.) kunyuensis sp. nov. from the Palaearctic region (Shandong Province). An updated key to larval species of the genus Eatoniana of the world is presented.

Insects

[ "Insect Science" ]

Granisetron reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting throughout menstrual cycle

Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia

[ "Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine" ]

Evaluation of chlorhexidine sensitization amongst healthcare workers

Abstract Background Chlorhexidine is an antiseptic widely used in healthcare settings. There are increasing reports of significant hypersensitivity reactions associated with its use. Development of chlorhexidine allergy has been identified as an important occupational risk to healthcare workers (HCWs). Aims To evaluate the prevalence of sensitization to chlorhexidine amongst HCWs at a large tertiary hospital to assess the potential allergic safety risks associated with chlorhexidine exposure to staff. Methods Sensitization to chlorhexidine was evaluated by measurement of serum-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) in samples collected from staff assessed after a sharps-injury incident and laboratory staff collected for quality assurance procedures. This test method has been shown to have high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of chlorhexidine allergy. Prevalence of sensitization was additionally evaluated with reference to changes in exposure to chlorhexidine-based hand hygiene products because of infection control procedures and the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Results A total of 320 samples were examined. The prevalence of positive chlorhexidine-specific IgE was 2%. Prevalence of sensitization in samples collected before and after increased chlorhexidine exposure was 1% and 3%. This did not represent a statistically significant difference. Conclusions The prevalence figures for chlorhexidine sensitization in this study are higher than have been estimated previously for similar HCW cohorts. Increased exposure to chlorhexidine-based hand hygiene products was not demonstrated to increase sensitization in this group. Given the risk of severe reactions in sensitized individuals, this study indicates that evaluation of chlorhexidine allergy is important when investigating occupational allergy in HCWs.

[ "Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health" ]

Liquid Chromatography−Tandem Mass Spectrometry of Some Anabolic Steroids

[ "Analytical Chemistry" ]

Analytical Currents: Icy resolution

Analytical Chemistry

[ "Analytical Chemistry" ]

Alarmed by Census Results, Indira Gandhi Wants To Revitalize India's Family Planning Program

[ "Geography, Planning and Development", "Demography" ]

Influence of geographical latitude on vitamin D status: cross-sectional results from the BiomarCaRE consortium

AbstractEven though sunlight is viewed as the most important determinant of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status, several European studies have observed higher 25(OH)D concentrations among north-Europeans than south-Europeans. We studied the association between geographical latitude (derived from ecological data) and 25(OH)D status in six European countries using harmonised immunoassay data from 81 084 participants in the Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Europe (BiomarCaRE) project (male sex 48·9 %; median age 50·8 years; examination period 1984–2014). Quantile regression models, adjusted for age, sex, decade and calendar week of sampling and time from sampling to analysis, were used for between-country comparisons. Up until the median percentile, the ordering of countries by 25(OH)D status (from highest to lowest) was as follows: Sweden (at 65·6–63·8°N), Germany (at 48·4°N), Finland (at 65·0–60·2°N), Italy (at 45·6–41·5°N), Scotland (at 58·2–55·1°N) and Spain (at 41·5°N). From the 75th percentile and upwards, Finland had higher values than Germany. As an example, using the Swedish cohort as a comparator, the median 25(OH)D concentration was 3·03, 3·28, 5·41, 6·54 and 9·28 ng/ml lower in the German, Finnish, Italian, Scottish and Spanish cohort, respectively (P-value

[ "Nutrition and Dietetics", "Medicine (miscellaneous)" ]

New Species of Creagrutus (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae) from the Rio Uaupés Basin, Brazil

[ "Animal Science and Zoology", "Aquatic Science", "Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics" ]

A Study of the Optimal Answer Sheet Identification Grid Design

AEDS Journal

[ "Computer Science Applications", "Education" ]

Cucurbitacin E exhibits anti-inflammatory effect in RAW 264.7 cells via suppression of NF-κB nuclear translocation

Inflammation Research

[ "Pharmacology", "Immunology" ]

Rediscoveries: Some Neglected Modern European Political Thinkers. John A. Hall

[ "Philosophy" ]

Doğrusalolmayan regresyon analizi ve biyoistatistikte kullanımı

[ "Animal Science and Zoology" ]

Acidentes entre motocicletas: análise dos casos ocorridos no estado do Paraná entre julho de 2010 e junho de 2011

Acidentes que ocorrem entre duas motocicletas têm sido esquecidos na imensidão dos acidentes de trânsito no Brasil, carecendo de serem melhor analisados. Este estudo buscou analisar epidemiologicamente os acidentes que ocorrem entre duas motocicletas, comparando com os outros tipos, a partir de dados do estado do Paraná. Foram capturadas informações do sítio eletrônico da Corporação de Bombeiros relativas ao período de um ano (julho/2010 a junho/2011), sobre o número e tipo de acidente, dia da semana, período do dia, número de vítimas, gênero, idade e gravidade das lesões. Ocorrências moto x moto representaram 3,4% do total de acidentes de trânsito registrados e 6,2% dos acidentes envolvendo motocicleta; as vítimas deste tipo de acidente corresponderam, respectivamente, a 4,4% do total de vitimados e a 8,5% daquelas em acidentes com motocicleta. Acidentes ocorridos aos sábado, sexo masculino e idade entre 20 a 29 anos foram mais frequentes neste tipo de eventos. Dentre as dez cidades mais populosas do estado, algumas se destacaram pelo alto índice destes acidentes, que parece guardar relação com o índice de motorização de motos das localidades. Assim, torna-se fundamental a constante avaliação destes índices e a implantação de medidas que visem proporcionar um trânsito mais seguro.

[ "Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health", "Health Policy" ]

Structural Characterization of Iron-Bleomycin by Resonance Raman Spectroscopy

[ "Colloid and Surface Chemistry", "Biochemistry", "Catalysis" ]

Losartan Affects Glomerular AKT and mTOR Phosphorylation in an Experimental Model of Type 1 Diabetic Nephropathy

The AKT-mTOR pathway is activated in diabetic nephropathy. Renin-angiotensin system modulators exert beneficial effects on the diabetic kidney. We explored the action of losartan on AKT-mTOR phosphorylation in glomeruli and podocytes. Diabetes mellitus was induced to Sprague-Dawley rats by streptozotocin. Five months later, the rats were commenced on losartan and euthanized 2 months later. Kidneys were processed for immunofluorescence studies. Glomeruli were isolated for Western blot analysis. Diabetes increased activated forms of AKT and mTOR both in glomeruli and podocytes. In diabetic rats, losartan decreased phosphorylated/activated forms of AKT (Thr308) and mTOR (Ser2448) in glomeruli but decreased only activated mTOR in podocytes. However, in both glomeruli and podocytes of healthy animals, an inverse pattern was evident. In conclusion, a new body of evidence indicates the differential activation of AKT-mTOR in glomeruli and podocytes of healthy and diabetic animals in response to losartan.

[ "Histology", "Anatomy" ]

Induction of porphyria in the rat by chronic versus acute exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

Biochemical Pharmacology

[ "Pharmacology", "Biochemistry" ]

The New BCS President

[ "Earth-Surface Processes" ]

The iron and oxygen content of LMC Classical Cepheids and its implications for the extragalactic distance scale and Hubble constant

Context. Classical Cepheids are primary distance indicators and a crucial stepping stone in determining the present-day value of the Hubble constant H0 to the precision and accuracy required to constrain apparent deviations from the ΛCDM Concordance Cosmological Model. Aims. We measured the iron and oxygen abundances of a statistically significant sample of 89 Cepheids in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), one of the anchors of the local distance scale, quadrupling the prior sample and including 68 of the 70 Cepheids used to constrain H0 by the SH0ES program. The goal is to constrain the extent to which the luminosity of Cepheids is influenced by their chemical composition, which is an important contributor to the uncertainty on the determination of the Hubble constant itself and a critical factor in the internal consistency of the distance ladder. Methods. We derived stellar parameters and chemical abundances from a self-consistent spectroscopic analysis based on equivalent width of absorption lines. Results. The iron distribution of Cepheids in the LMC can be very accurately described by a single Gaussian with a mean [Fe/H] = −0.409 ± 0.003 dex and σ = 0.076 ± 0.003 dex. We estimate a systematic uncertainty on the absolute mean values of 0.1 dex. The width of the distribution is fully compatible with the measurement error and supports the low dispersion of 0.069 mag seen in the near-infrared Hubble Space Telescope LMC period–luminosity relation. The uniformity of the abundance has the important consequence that the LMC Cepheids alone cannot provide any meaningful constraint on the dependence of the Cepheid period–luminosity relation on chemical composition at any wavelength. This revises a prior claim based on a small sample of 22 LMC Cepheids that there was little dependence (or uncertainty) between composition and near-infrared luminosity, a conclusion which would produce an apparent conflict between anchors of the distance ladder with different mean abundance. The chemical homogeneity of the LMC Cepheid population makes it an ideal environment in which to calibrate the metallicity dependence between the more metal-poor Small Magellanic Cloud and metal-rich Milky Way and NGC 4258.

[ "Space and Planetary Science", "Astronomy and Astrophysics" ]

International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Halobacteriaceae

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

[ "Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics", "Microbiology" ]

Building-integrated trigeneration system: Energy, environmental and economic dynamic performance assessment for Italian residential applications

[ "Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment" ]

Effect of cobalt doping in Nd1-xSrxMn1-yCoyO3

[ "Computer Science Applications", "History", "Education" ]

Modeling the Propagation of Diffusive-Viscous Waves Using Flux-Corrected Transport–Finite-Difference Method

[ "Atmospheric Science", "Computers in Earth Sciences" ]

Osteoprotegerin Overexpression by Breast Cancer Cells Enhances Orthotopic and Osseous Tumor Growth and Contrasts with That Delivered Therapeutically

Abstract Osteoprotegerin (OPG) acts as a decoy receptor for receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), which is a pivotal molecule required for osteoclast formation. In vitro OPG inhibits osteoclast formation and in vivo (administered as Fc-OPG) it reduces hypercalcemia and the establishment of osteolytic lesions in mouse models of tumor cell growth in bone. Osteolysis can be induced by parathyroid hormone–related protein (PTHrP) produced by breast cancer cells that results in an increased osteoblastic RANKL/OPG ratio. We examined the effect of local tumor production of OPG on the ability of breast cancer cells to establish and grow in bone and mammary fat pad. MCF-7 cells or MCF-7 cells overexpressing PTHrP were transfected with full-length OPG and inoculated into the proximal tibiae of athymic nude mice. Mice injected with cells overexpressing PTHrP and OPG showed enhanced tumor growth, increased osteolysis (2-fold compared with MCF-7 cells overexpressing PTHrP), and altered histology that was reflective of a less differentiated (more aggressive) phenotype compared with MCF-7 cells. In contrast, administration of recombinant Fc-OPG reduced tumor growth and limited osteolysis even in mice inoculated with OPG overexpressing cells. Similarly, OPG overexpression by breast cancer cells enhanced tumor growth following orthotopic inoculation. These results indicate that OPG overexpression by breast cancer cells increases tumor growth in vivo and that there are strikingly different responses between therapeutically administered Fc-OPG and full-length OPG produced by tumor cells. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(7): 3620-8)

[ "Cancer Research", "Oncology" ]

Preparation of poly(alkylvinylether)s for nonlinear optical applications

Polymer Bulletin

[ "Materials Chemistry", "Polymers and Plastics", "Condensed Matter Physics" ]